ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
µÚÈýµç×ÓÊé ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ© ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ¡ºÊղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡»

VB2008´ÓÈëÃŵ½¾«Í¨(PDF¸ñʽӢÎÄ°æ)-µÚ88²¿·Ö

¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡


¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡newVersion=¡¨1¡£2¡£0¡£0¡¨/¡·¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡configuration¡¡file¡¡includes¡¡an¡¡assemblyBinding¡¡XML¡¡element¡¡that¡¡defines¡¡a¡¡collection¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡assemblies¡¡that¡¡will¡¡be¡¡affected¡£¡¡The¡¡collection¡¡of¡¡assemblies¡¡is¡¡embedded¡¡within¡¡the¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dependentAssembly¡¡element¡£¡¡Within¡¡the¡¡dependentAssembly¡¡element¡¡are¡¡two¡¡child¡¡elements£º¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡assemblyIdentity¡¡and¡¡¡¡bindingRedirect¡£¡¡The¡¡assemblyIdentity¡¡element¡¡is¡¡used¡¡to¡¡identity¡¡the¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡assembly¡¡for¡¡which¡¡a¡¡reference¡¡will¡¡be¡¡redirected¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡bindingRedirect¡¡element¡¡contains¡¡two¡¡attributes£º¡¡oldVersion¡¡and¡¡¡¡newVersion¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡oldVersion¡¡attribute¡¡identifies¡¡the¡¡version¡¡of¡¡the¡¡old¡¡assembly¡¡in¡¡the¡¡calling¡¡assembly¡¡or¡¡appli

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cation¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡specified¡¡version¡¡of¡¡the¡¡old¡¡assembly¡¡is¡¡found£»¡¡the¡¡newVersion¡¡attribute¡¡is¡¡used¡¡to¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡identify¡¡which¡¡assembly¡¡version¡¡should¡¡be¡¡used¡¡instead¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡example£»¡¡the¡¡old¡¡version¡¡is¡¡1¡£1¡£0¡£0£»¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡the¡¡new¡¡version¡¡is¡¡1¡£2¡£0¡£0¡£¡¡The¡¡new¡¡version¡¡has¡¡an¡¡incremented¡¡minor¡¡number£»¡¡indicating¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡new¡¡version¡¡of¡¡an¡¡assembly¡£¡¡However£»¡¡the¡¡binding¡¡redirection¡¡does¡¡not¡¡care¡¡whether¡¡the¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡newVersion¡¡attribute¡¡references¡¡a¡¡newer¡¡version¡¡or¡¡an¡¡older¡¡version¡£¡¡The¡¡version¡¡identifiers¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡identified¡¡by¡¡the¡¡attributes¡¡newVersion¡¡and¡¡oldVersion¡¡are¡¡just¡¡that£º¡¡identifiers¡£¡¡


¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­Page¡¡359¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CH¡¡AP¡¡T¡¡E¡¡R¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡¡2¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ö¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡E¡¡AR¡¡N¡¡IN¡¡G¡¡¡¡¡¡AB¡¡O¡¡U¡¡T¡¡¡¡¡¡AP¡¡P¡¡L¡¡I¡¡CAT¡¡I¡¡ON¡¡¡¡¡¡CO¡¡N¡¡F¡¡IG¡¡U¡¡R¡¡AT¡¡IO¡¡N¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡N¡¡D¡¡¡¡¡¡D¡¡Y¡¡N¡¡A¡¡M¡¡IC¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡O¡¡AD¡¡IN¡¡G¡¡337¡¡



Implementing¡¡a¡¡Shared¡¡Typed¡¡Convention¡­Based¡¡¡¡

Architecture¡¡



There¡¡has¡¡been¡¡quite¡¡a¡¡bit¡¡of¡¡talk¡¡in¡¡the¡¡software¡¡munity¡¡about¡¡convention¡¡over¡¡configu

ration¡£¡¡Most¡¡of¡¡this¡¡talk¡¡began¡¡in¡¡earnest¡¡with¡¡the¡¡development¡¡of¡¡Ruby¡¡on¡¡Rails¡¡£¨http£º//¡¡

rubyonrails¡£org/£©¡£¡¡Ruby¡¡on¡¡Rails¡¡£¨Rails¡¡for¡¡short£©¡¡is¡¡a¡¡tool¡¡that¡¡allows¡¡people¡¡to¡¡very¡¡¡¡

quickly¡¡create¡¡web¡¡sites¡¡that¡¡provide¡¡useful¡¡functionality¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Many¡¡attribute¡¡the¡¡success¡¡of¡¡Rails¡¡to¡¡its¡¡use¡¡of¡¡convention¡¡over¡¡configuration¡£¡¡Some¡¡say¡¡¡¡

it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡Ruby¡¡language¡£¡¡Others¡¡say¡¡it¡¡is¡¡because¡¡Rails¡¡is¡¡a¡¡professional¡¡product¡£¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡it¡¯s¡¡a¡¡¡¡

bination¡¡of¡¡factors£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡convention¡¡over¡¡configuration¡¡angle¡¡does¡¡play¡¡an¡¡important¡¡role¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¯s¡¡go¡¡back¡¡to¡¡the¡¡problem¡¡of¡¡loading¡¡code¡¡dynamically£»¡¡or¡¡for¡¡that¡¡matter£»¡¡executing¡¡¡¡

code¡¡dynamically¡£¡¡How¡¡much¡¡do¡¡you¡¡expect¡¡the¡¡programmer¡¡to¡¡know£»¡¡and¡¡how¡¡much¡¡do¡¡you¡¡¡¡

expect¡¡the¡¡programmer¡¡to¡¡guess£¿¡¡Consider¡¡this¡¡code£º¡¡



Interface¡¡IDefinition¡¡

End¡¡Interface¡¡¡¡



Sub¡¡DoIt£¨ByVal¡¡def¡¡As¡¡IDefinition£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡'¡¡Do¡¡Something¡¡with¡¡def¡¡

End¡¡Sub¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡code£»¡¡you¡¡can¡¡see¡¡an¡¡interface¡¡IDefinition¡¡and¡¡a¡¡method¡¡DoIt£¨£©£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡parameter¡¡¡¡

of¡¡type¡¡IDefinition¡£¡¡This¡¡creates¡¡a¡¡contract¡¡where¡¡to¡¡call¡¡DoIt£¨£©£»¡¡you¡¡need¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡an¡¡instance¡¡¡¡

of¡¡type¡¡IDefinition¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Is¡¡it¡¡correct¡¡to¡¡assume¡¡that¡¡the¡¡dynamic¡¡loading¡¡of¡¡a¡¡type¡¡can¡¡fulfill¡¡the¡¡contract¡¡of¡¡DoIt£¨£©£¿¡¡¡¡

Can¡¡you¡¡assume¡¡that¡¡the¡¡type¡¡even¡¡supports¡¡IDefinition£¿¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡convention¡¡over¡¡configuration¡¡attempts¡¡to¡¡do¡¡is¡¡create¡¡pockets¡¡of¡¡self¡­contained¡¡¡¡

functionality¡¡that¡¡can¡¡take¡¡care¡¡of¡¡themselves¡£¡¡That¡¡self¡­contained¡¡functionality¡¡may¡¡require¡¡¡¡

configuration¡¡file¡¡settings£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡may¡¡require¡¡other¡¡assemblies¡£¡¡But¡¡what¡¡it¡¡does¡¡not¡¡require¡¡is¡¡¡¡

a¡¡directive¡¡that¡¡includes¡¡source¡¡code¡¡that¡¡explicitly¡¡states¡¡what¡¡to¡¡do¡¡when¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Consider¡¡a¡¡workplace¡¡scenario¡£¡¡Instead¡¡of¡¡having¡¡a¡¡manager¡¡tell¡¡the¡¡workers¡¡what¡¡to¡¡do¡¡at¡¡¡¡

every¡¡step£»¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡amount¡¡of¡¡peer¡­to¡­peer¡¡intelligence¡¡and¡¡self¡­reliance¡¡are¡¡assumed¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡

self¡­reliance¡¡is¡¡both¡¡good¡¡and¡¡bad¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡good¡¡in¡¡that¡¡there¡¡are¡¡fewer¡¡moving¡¡parts£»¡¡but¡¡bad¡¡in¡¡¡¡

that¡¡the¡¡peers¡¡might¡¡be¡¡doing¡¡something¡¡that¡¡they¡¡should¡¡not¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡following¡¡code¡¡shows¡¡an¡¡example¡¡of¡¡convention¡£¡¡



Interface¡¡Imand¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sub¡¡Run£¨£©¡¡

End¡¡Interface¡¡

¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡

ConfigurationLoader¡£Instance¡£Load£¨£©¡¡

Dim¡¡definition¡¡As¡¡IDefinition¡¡=¡¡_¡¡

¡¡¡¡ConfigurationLoader¡£Instance¡£Instantiate£¨Of¡¡Imand£©£¨¡¨Impl1¡¨£©¡¡

definition¡£Run£¨£©¡¡


¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­Page¡¡360¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­

338¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CH¡¡AP¡¡T¡¡E¡¡R¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡¡2¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ö¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡E¡¡A¡¡R¡¡N¡¡I¡¡N¡¡G¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡B¡¡OU¡¡T¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡PP¡¡L¡¡I¡¡CA¡¡TI¡¡O¡¡N¡¡¡¡¡¡CO¡¡N¡¡F¡¡I¡¡G¡¡U¡¡R¡¡AT¡¡IO¡¡N¡¡¡¡¡¡AN¡¡D¡¡¡¡¡¡D¡¡Y¡¡N¡¡A¡¡M¡¡I¡¡C¡¡¡¡L¡¡O¡¡AD¡¡I¡¡N¡¡G¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡code¡¡runs¡¡some¡¡other¡¡code¡¡via¡¡the¡¡Run£¨£©¡¡method¡¡and¡¡does¡¡not¡¡have¡¡any¡¡return¡¡values¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡parameters¡£¡¡The¡¡code¡¡doing¡¡the¡¡executing¡¡is¡¡hoping¡¡that¡¡everything¡¡will¡¡work¡¡out£»¡¡because¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡cannot¡¡check¡¡a¡¡return¡¡value¡£¡¡And¡¡that¡¡is¡¡the¡¡gist¡¡of¡¡convention¡¡over¡¡configuration¡ªthe¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡calling¡¡code¡¡hopes¡¡everything¡¡will¡¡work¡¡out¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡the¡¡most¡¡part£»¡¡convention¡¡works¡¡out¡¡quite¡¡nicely¡¡because¡¡it¡¡is¡¡easier¡¡to¡¡extend¡¡and¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡maintain¡¡a¡¡convention¡­based¡¡system£»¡¡since¡¡there¡¡are¡¡fewer¡¡moving¡¡parts¡£¡¡For¡¡any¡¡plex¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡system£»¡¡the¡¡fewer¡¡moving¡¡parts¡¡the¡¡better¡£¡¡The¡¡downside¡¡is¡¡that¡¡the¡¡administrator¡¡needs¡¡to¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡understand¡¡what¡¡the¡¡moving¡¡parts¡¡are¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡People¡¡have¡¡a¡¡tendency¡¡to¡¡make¡¡everything¡¡configurable¡¡and¡¡leave¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡puter¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡program¡£¡¡Whether¡¡or¡¡not¡¡something¡¡works¡¡depends¡¡on¡¡how¡¡the¡¡configuration¡¡is¡¡written¡£¡¡In¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡convention¡¡architecture£»¡¡the¡¡called¡¡functionality¡¡will¡¡make¡¡decisions¡¡about¡¡what¡¡it¡¡deems¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡appropriate¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Here¡¡is¡¡an¡¡example¡¡of¡¡configuration£º¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡_¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Public¡¡Property¡¡TypeName£¨£©¡¡As¡¡String¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Get¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Return¡¡CStr£¨MyBase¡£Item£¨_propTypeName£©£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡Get¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡Property¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡code¡¡should¡¡look¡¡familiar£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡reassembles¡¡the¡¡configuration¡¡code¡¡you¡¡saw¡¡earlier¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡this¡¡code¡¡is¡¡overconstrained¡¡and¡¡requires¡¡too¡¡many¡¡moving¡¡parts¡£¡¡It¡¡would¡¡be¡¡great¡¡to¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡simplify¡¡it¡¡to¡¡the¡¡following¡¡code¡¡£¨which¡¡does¡¡not¡¡pile¡¡because¡¡you¡¡cannot¡¡change¡¡the¡¡code¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡base¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡library£©¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡_¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Public¡¡ReadOnly¡¡Property¡¡TypeName£¨£©¡¡As¡¡String¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Get¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Return¡¡CStr£¨MyBase¡£Item£¨_propTypeName£©£©¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡Get¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡End¡¡Property¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡difference¡¡between¡¡the¡¡two¡¡code¡¡pieces¡¡is¡¡the¡¡missing¡¡parameters¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡attributes¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡parameters¡¡are¡¡not¡¡necessary¡¡because¡¡they¡¡are¡¡already¡¡defined¡¡by¡¡the¡¡data¡¡member¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡_propTypeName£»¡¡and¡¡you¡¡can¡¡use¡¡the¡¡identifier¡¡of¡¡the¡¡property¡¡as¡¡that¡¡extra¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡informa

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tion¡£¡¡So¡¡the¡¡property¡¡identifier¡¡TypeName¡¡could¡¡be¡¡used¡¡as¡¡an¡¡identifier¡¡for¡¡an¡¡XML¡¡attribute¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Some¡¡may¡¡argue¡¡that¡¡by¡¡having¡¡a¡¡cross¡­reference¡¡between¡¡the¡¡property¡¡identifier¡¡and¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡configuration¡¡identifier£»¡¡you¡¡are¡¡creating¡¡a¡¡hard¡­coded¡¡dependency¡£¡¡That¡¯s¡¡a¡¡valid¡¡argument¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡is¡¡the¡¡code¡¯s¡¡assumption¡¡a¡¡mon¡­sense¡¡assumption£¿¡¡Is¡¡it¡¡an¡¡extreme¡¡proposition¡¡to¡¡say¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡your¡¡property¡¡identifier¡¡is¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡your¡¡XML¡¡attribute£¿¡¡The¡¡answer¡¡is¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡an¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡extreme¡¡proposition£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Ruby¡¡on¡¡Rails¡¡creators¡¡said¡¡the¡¡same¡¡when¡¡creating¡¡their¡¡own¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡architecture¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¯s¡¡now¡¡consider¡¡the¡¡ability¡¡to¡¡indicate¡¡whether¡¡a¡¡configuration¡¡item¡¡is¡¡required¡£¡¡By¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡specifying¡¡whether¡¡or¡¡not¡¡an¡¡attribute¡¡is¡¡required£»¡¡you¡¡can¡¡avoid¡¡an¡¡exception¡¡at¡¡a¡¡later¡¡point¡£¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡However£»¡¡think¡¡about¡¡the¡¡bigger¡¡context¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡IsRequired¡¡attribute¡¡is¡¡processed¡¡when¡¡the¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡program¡¡is¡¡started¡£¡¡The¡¡validity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡configuration¡¡file¡¡is¡¡not¡¡processed¡¡at¡¡pile¡¡time£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thus¡¡the¡¡only¡¡thing¡¡that¡¡IsRequired¡¡does¡¡is¡¡generate¡¡an¡¡exception¡¡earlier¡£¡¡Maybe¡¡you¡¡want¡¡to¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡avoid¡¡any¡¡runtime¡¡errors¡¡that¡¡could¡¡bring¡¡down¡¡a¡¡program¡¡during¡¡processing¡£¡¡I¡¡don¡¯t¡¡think¡¡it¡¡is¡¡¡¡


¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­Page¡¡361¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CH¡¡AP¡¡T¡¡E¡¡R¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡¡2¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ö¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡E¡¡AR¡¡N¡¡IN¡¡G¡¡¡¡¡¡AB¡¡O¡¡U¡¡T¡¡¡¡¡¡AP¡¡P¡¡L¡¡I¡¡CAT¡¡I¡¡ON¡¡¡¡¡¡CO¡¡N¡¡F¡¡IG¡¡U¡¡R¡¡AT¡¡IO¡¡N¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡N¡¡D¡¡¡¡¡¡D¡¡Y¡¡N¡¡A¡¡M¡¡IC¡¡¡¡¡¡L¡¡O¡¡AD¡¡IN¡¡G¡¡339¡¡



a¡¡big¡¡advantage£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡am¡¡sure¡¡others¡¡will¡¡think¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡using¡¡the¡¡IsRequired¡¡property¡¡¡¡

is¡¡a¡¡judgment¡¡call¡£¡¡¡¡



¡öNote¡¡¡¡The¡¡aim¡¡of¡¡convention¡­based¡¡architecture¡¡is¡¡to¡¡make¡¡as¡¡many¡¡assumptions¡¡as¡¡possible£»¡¡without¡¡¡¡

sacrificing¡¡the¡¡bigger¡¡goal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡application¡£¡¡A¡¡good¡¡convention¡­based¡¡architecture¡¡is¡¡not¡¡easy¡¡to¡¡create¡¡¡¡

because¡¡it¡¡requires¡¡pletely¡¡understanding¡¡the¡¡needs¡¡of¡¡the¡¡developers¡¡and¡¡those¡¡who¡¡run¡¡the¡¡application¡£¡¡¡¡

My¡¡personal¡¡rule¡¡of¡¡thumb¡¡is¡¡to¡¡solve¡¡the¡¡problem¡¡first£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡decide¡¡what¡¡should¡¡be¡¡configured¡¡and¡¡what¡¡¡¡

should¡¡be¡¡a¡¡convention¡£¡¡



Dynamically¡¡Loading¡¡Base¡¡Class¡¡or¡¡¡¡

Interface¡¡Types¡¡



This¡¡chapter¡¡demonstrated¡¡two¡¡categories¡¡of¡¡code¡¡that¡¡were¡¡dynamically¡¡loaded¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡cate

gory¡¡was¡¡a¡¡type¡¡that¡¡implemented¡¡an¡¡interface¡¡£¨Implementation¡¡and¡¡IDefinition£©¡£¡¡The¡¡second¡¡¡¡

type¡¡was¡¡a¡¡class¡¡that¡¡subclassed¡¡another¡¡class¡¡£¨¡¡LoaderSection£»¡¡ConfigurationSection£©¡£¡¡Each¡¡¡¡

approach¡¡has¡¡its¡¡advantages¡¡and¡¡disadvantages£»¡¡but¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡single¡¡rule¡¡that¡¡you¡¡can¡¡use¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whether¡¡to¡¡use¡¡an¡¡interface¡¡or¡¡class¡¡depends¡¡on¡¡how¡¡much¡¡responsibility¡¡you¡¡want¡¡to¡¡¡¡

delegate¡¡to¡¡the¡¡implementation¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡configuration¡¡processing¡¡example£»¡¡the¡¡¡¡infrastructure¡¡¡¡

specifically¡¡indicated¡¡that¡¡the¡¡only¡¡responsibility¡¡of¡¡the¡¡dynamically¡¡loaded¡¡class¡¡is¡¡to¡¡indicate¡¡¡¡

which¡¡identifiers¡¡should¡¡be¡¡processed¡£¡¡How¡¡the¡¡value¡¡of¡¡the¡¡identifiers¡¡are¡¡extracted¡¡and¡¡converted¡¡¡¡

into¡¡¡¡types¡¡is¡¡the¡¡responsibility¡¡of¡¡the¡¡base¡¡class¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡you¡¡instantiate¡¡a¡¡type¡¡and¡¡use¡¡an¡¡interface£»¡¡you¡¡are¡¡delegating¡¡plete¡¡control¡¡to¡¡¡¡

the¡¡dynamically¡¡instantiated¡¡type¡£¡¡The¡¡calling¡¡code¡¡is¡¡explicitly¡¡saying£»¡¡¡°Here¡¡is¡¡your¡¡contract¡£¡¡¡¡

How¡¡you¡¡deal¡¡with¡¡it¡¡is¡¡your¡¡responsibility¡£¡¡Just¡¡make¡¡sure¡¡to¡¡implement¡¡the¡¡contract¡¡properly¡£¡±¡¡¡¡

By¡¡delegating¡¡all¡¡the¡¡responsibility£»¡¡you¡¡are£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡sense£»¡¡asking¡¡for¡¡trouble£»¡¡because¡¡developers¡¡¡¡

might¡¡implement¡¡a¡¡contract¡¡incorrectly¡£¡¡



The¡¡Important¡¡Stuff¡¡to¡¡Remember¡¡



In¡¡this¡¡chapter£»¡¡you¡¡learned¡¡about¡¡configuring¡¡an¡¡application¡¡and¡¡dynamically¡¡loading¡¡code¡¡¡¡

that¡¡is¡¡executed¡£¡¡The¡¡main¡¡items¡¡to¡¡remember¡¡are¡¡as¡¡follows£º¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡o¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡application¡¡configuration¡¡file¡¡works¡¡only¡¡because¡¡there¡¡is¡¡code¡¡in¡¡the¡¡application¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡uses¡¡the¡¡specified¡¡items¡¡in¡¡the¡¡configuration¡¡file¡£¡¡¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡o¡¡¡¡Applications¡¡have¡¡¡¡application¡¡configuration¡¡files¡¡where¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡the¡¡file¡¡is¡¡the¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡of¡¡the¡¡executing¡¡application¡¡appended¡¡with¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡£config¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡o¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡application¡¡configuration¡¡file¡¡is¡¡a¡¡specially¡¡formatted¡¡XML¡¡file¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡o¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡application¡¡configuration¡¡file¡¡applies¡¡to¡¡a¡¡specific¡¡assembly¡¡loaded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡application¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡o¡¡¡¡The¡¡default¡¡scenario¡¡for¡¡a¡¡¡¡application¡¡configuration¡¡file¡¡is¡¡to¡¡store¡¡the¡¡settings¡¡as¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡key/value¡¡pairs¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡section¡£¡¡


¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­Page¡¡362¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡